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The ratio of Cu to O₂ is 2:1. Therefore, 4 Cu atoms require 2 O₂ molecules.
CuO loses oxygen and changes into Cu, so CuO is reduced.
H₂ gains oxygen to form H₂O, so hydrogen is oxidised.
Oxidation is defined as gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
Reduction is defined as loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
Carbon gains oxygen to form CO and is oxidised, while ZnO loses oxygen to form Zn and is reduced.
The reactant side has 4 Na atoms. The product 2Na₂O also contains 2 × 2 = 4 Na atoms.
Sodium combines with oxygen to form sodium oxide, so sodium gains oxygen and is oxidised.
In CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O, CuO is reduced and H₂ is oxidised. Therefore, it is a redox reaction.
Endothermic reactions are reactions in which energy is absorbed.
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